The conceptualisation of cognitive tools in learning and technology: A review

Authors

  • Azar Pakdaman-Savoji Islamic Azad University, Saveh branch
  • John Nesbit Simon Fraser University
  • Natalia Gajdamaschko Simon Fraser University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.4704

Keywords:

cognitive tool, culture, mindtool, educational technology

Abstract

The term cognitive tool has been used in many areas of academic specialisation, where it has taken on multiple connotations. In this historical and systematic review, we investigate the conceptualisation of cognitive tools in the learning sciences and educational technology. First, the theory of cognitive tools vis-à-vis learning and development is traced from Vygotsky and Soviet psychology through to its use in current educational technology and learning design. Second, we present a systematic review of cognitive tools in peer-reviewed research literature. We found the term cognitive tool was often used vaguely or with extreme generality. When used more specifically, it referred to communication methods such as visualisations, metaphors, symbols, and hypermedia; or interactive interfaces and environments such as templates, databases, simulations, games, and collaborative media. We offer a definition of software-based cognitive tools founded on the attributes of representation, interactivity, and distributed cognition, which commonly feature in the work of influential theorists; and we explain implications of the definition for designing, evaluating, and researching learning technologies.

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Author Biography

Azar Pakdaman-Savoji, Islamic Azad University, Saveh branch

Visiting Scholar at Simon Fraser University

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Published

2019-05-10

How to Cite

Pakdaman-Savoji, A., Nesbit, J., & Gajdamaschko, N. (2019). The conceptualisation of cognitive tools in learning and technology: A review. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.4704